Carefully to Carry

The Club's advisory committee on cargo matters

	Dry Bulk Cargoes
		Preparation, Stowage & Survey (3) Hold cleaning - preparing a ship for grain Measurement of bulk cargoes Separation of products in the holds of bulk carriers Agricultural Products (5) Karnal bunt Moisture migration and surface ventilation Refined (crystal) sugar Carriage of Potatoes Carriage of Cocoa Ores & Minerals (4) Coal cargoes Direct reduced iron Mineral ore concentrates and other materials which may liquefy Sulphur cargoes Steel & Other Metals (5) Carriage of steel Hot rolled steel sheeting Securing shipments of steel by flexible metal bands Stowing and securing steel slabs Scrap metal Timber & Forestry Products (4) Carriage of forestry products Packaged timber deck cargoes - dangerous densities Timber deck cargoes The carriage of wood pellets
	Liquid Bulk Cargoes
		Bulk cargoes - liquid (3) Bulk oil cargoes - shortage and contamination claims Liquid natural oils, fats and fatty products Samples and sampling in the carriage of bulk liquid cargoes
	Containers
		Atmosphere-controlled containers (3) Pharmaceuticals in temperature-controlled containers Agricultural products in non-refrigerated containers Refrigerated containers Cargoes (6) Thiourea Dioxide Expandable polymeric beads Calcium hypochlorite Cargo damage - the causes Coffee Dangerous goods General (8) Flexitanks Heavy containers over light containers Securing of containers on deck Containers in non-cellular ships container crime container top safety stuffing and stacking containers Substandard components and cargoworthiness
	Refrigerated Cargoes
		Refrigerated cargoes (5) Carriage instructions for refrigerated cargoes Fresh fruit and vegetables Table grapes Frozen fish on reefer vessels and in containers Meat and meat products in containers
	Gas Cargoes
		The carriage of gas (2) The carriage of gas Liquefied natural gas
	Miscellaneous
		Cargoes (7) Agricultural produce - insect infestation and fumigation Fishmeal cargoes - self heating and fires Palletised cargoes Radioactive cargoes Radioactive uranium hexafluoride (UF6) hatchcovers (2) Steel hatchcovers Testing weather-tight integrity of dry cargo vessels' hatchcovers Loading, stowage, surveys and carriage (9) Fumigation of ships and their cargoes Cargo pre-loading surveys Lashing and securing deck cargoes Photography Preparing cargo plans - structural limitations Stowage of breakbulk cargo (general cargo) Air changes - ventilation of cargo compartments The silver nitrate test Measurement of bulk cargoes - draught surveys

Latest articles published

: Measurement of bulk cargoes - draught surveys

July 2008 A Carefully to Carry Committee publication explaining draught survey theory and practice to make clear the limitations of draught surveying, and best practice methods. This publication will prove useful to those in the industry requiring an understanding of draught surveys, and will also help those aboard ship understand what exactly the draught surveyor should be doing.

: Radioactive uranium hexafluoride (UF6)

March 2008 The raw material to make fuel for nuclear power stations is uranium ore, the main sources of which are South Africa, Australia, North America and the former Soviet Bloc countries of Eastern Europe. The ore is first ground and purified at the mining site using chemical and physical processes to produce a dry powder of natural uranium oxide known as uranium ore concentrate (UOC).

: Cocoa

January 2008 Cocoa beans are used in the human food chain with alternative uses in cosmetics and, to a limited extent, in pharmaceuticals. Traditionally cocoa beans are packed into jute bags and subject to sanitary certification prior to shipment. Cocoa beans and jute bags are an ideal medium for harbouring infestation so fumigation is frequently carried out prior to shipment.

: Flexitanks

September 2007 The carriage of Flexitanks in containers is increasing year on year and many Members are concerned that there are still no regulations covering this form of carriage. They are especially concerned in respect of what the container can safely cope with in terms of volume, weight and dynamic forces experienced during transport, both at sea and on land.

: Wood pellets

May 2007 This article covers the hazards of the carriage of wood pellets, which are combustible and have caused asphyxiation to crew due to oxygen depletion. Wood pellets, which are sometimes confused with wood pulp pellets, now has its own entry in the BC Code.

: Liquefied gases

February 2005 The renewed interest in gas has seen an increase in the order book for LNG carriers - LNG carriers being the leviathans of the gas carrier fleet. Yet, while attracting great interest, the gas trade still employs relatively few ships in comparison to oil tankers, and hence its inner workings are little known except to a specialist group of companies and mariners.

: Liquefied natural gas

February 2005 LNG carriers are double-hulled ships specially designed and insulated to prevent leakage and rupture in the event of accident such as grounding or collision. That aside, though sophisticated in control and expensive in materials, they are simple in concept. Mostly they carry LNG in just four, five or six centreline tanks. Only a few have certification and equipment for cross trading in LPG.

: Bulk liquid cargoes - sampling

February 2005 By reason of the wide variety of liquid cargoes that are carried and the vastly different types of ships involved, it will be appreciated that the subject of sampling is a very wide one. This article is confined to the general principles of how to ascertain the apparent order and condition of goods when they are shipped and, just as importantly, how to preserve the evidence.

: Potatoes

February 2005 The stowage on any vessel should be designed to suit the type of permanent ventilation system fitted. Potato cargoes make heavy demands on ships' ventilation systems and a capacity of at least fifteen air changes per hour in each empty hold is required. At these rates the ventilation system should be run continuously except when weather and climatic conditions prevent.

: Fumigation of ships and their cargoes

February 2005 Fumigation aims to create an environment, which will contain an effective concentration of fumigant gas at a given temperature, for a sufficient period of time to kill any live infestations. Both the time measured (hours or days) of exposure and concentration of gas is critical to fumigation efficiency.

: Scrap metal

February 2005 The turnings may heat to high temperatures but will not necessarily exhibit flames. In one incident temperatures in excess of 500°C were observed six feet below the surface of the cargo. Temperatures of this order may cause structural damage to the steelwork of the carrying vessel.

: Hold cleaning - bulk cargoes

February 2005 One of the most difficult hold cleaning tasks is to prepare a ship for a grain cargo after discharging a dirty or dusty cargo such as coal or iron ore, particularly if the last cargo has left 'oily' stains on the paintwork or other deposits stubbornly adhering to the steel surfaces. Greasy deposits which remain Cargo hold, coal sticking and discharging salt.

: Direct reduced iron (DRI)

February 2005 A brief article on DRI appeared in Carefully to Carry No.12 which was issued in December 1986. This present article deals briefly with the more recent and projected state of the market for the product, manufacturing technology and potential hazards still presented by the product when transported by sea.